Difference between revisions of "Copper cable"

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=== Cable Diameter Standards ===
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== Cable Diameter Standards ==
  
 
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| 0.25 mm² || 0.50 mm || AWG23 <small>/ AWG24</small> || 3 A || Cat6 FTP, breadboard wires, Thicker hobby wire ||
 
| 0.25 mm² || 0.50 mm || AWG23 <small>/ AWG24</small> || 3 A || Cat6 FTP, breadboard wires, Thicker hobby wire ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| 0.50 mm² || 0.75 mm || AWG20<small> / AWG21</small> || 5 A || Low voltage power cable (e.g. for phone or doorbell or powering electronics)  ||
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| 0.50 mm² || 0.80 mm || AWG20 <small>/ AWG21</small> || 5 A || Low voltage power cable (e.g. for phone or doorbell or powering electronics)  ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| 0.75 mm² || || AWG18 <small>/ AWG19</small> || 10 A || Power cable between outlet and device ||
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| 0.75 mm² || 1.0 mm || AWG18 <small>/ AWG19</small> || 10 A || Power cable between outlet and device ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| 1.5 mm² || || AWG16 || 12 A || Thin power wire in walls (black wire for switches) ||
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| 1.5 mm² || 1.3 mm || AWG16 || 12 A || Thin power wire in walls (black wire for switches) ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| 2.5 mm² || || AWG14 || 15 A || Normal power wire in walls (power, zero and earth wire) ||
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| 2.5 mm² || 1.6 mm || AWG14 || 15 A || Normal power wire in walls (power, zero and earth wire) ||
 
|-
 
|-
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| 6.0 mm² || || AWG10 || 30 A || Thick wire in electric panel (groepenkast) ||
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| 6.0 mm² || 2.5 mm || AWG10 || 30 A || Thick wire in electric panel (groepenkast) ||
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
The metric area is the advertised area, equivalent of mm² copper. The actual diameter, when translated from AWG specification may differ.
 
The metric area is the advertised area, equivalent of mm² copper. The actual diameter, when translated from AWG specification may differ.
  
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The Ampacity is the maximum current that can be transported through the wire without exceeding its temperature rating. In this case, the Ampacity at 60°C is given. For higher temperatures, multiply by 1.5. Given the power and voltage of a device, this allows you to determine the required amperage, and thus the required cable diameter.
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The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity ampacity] is the sustained current that can be transported through the wire without exceeding its temperature rating. In this case, the Ampacity at 60°C is given. For higher acceptable temperatures (75°C or 90°C), multiply by 1.5. Peak currents may be 10 times larger if they are short enough (< 10 seconds).
 +
 
 +
Note that the thickness of the cable is determined by the current (amperage), not by the voltage or power. So a lower-voltage installation requires thicker cables than a higher-voltage installation ''with the same power consumption''. The current (in Ampere) can be calculated by dividing the Power (in Watts) by the Voltage of the appliance.
 +
 
 +
The thickness of the insulation depends on the voltage, and is not mentioned in this table.
  
 
=== Other considerations ===
 
=== Other considerations ===
  
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;Core: solid or flexible.  
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;Core: solid or flexible. A solid core is often used for fixed wiring, and for breadboard wires. Flexible wire contain multiple small strands and is used for flexible cables.
 
;Material: copper of CCA (copper cladded aluminium). Copper is considered slightly better. CCA is cheaper and is consider good enough.
 
;Material: copper of CCA (copper cladded aluminium). Copper is considered slightly better. CCA is cheaper and is consider good enough.
  
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=== Network Cabling ===
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== Network Cabling ==
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{|
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! Ethernet Category !! Max. Frequency || Max. Transmission Speed !! Max. distance !! Cable type !! Number of wires !! Remark !!
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|-
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| Cat3 || 16 MHz || 10 Mbps || 100m || UTP || 2 || Obsolete. Used for voice.
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|-
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| Cat5 || 100 MHz || 100 Mbps || 100m || UTP || 8 (4 used) || Obsolete. Replaced by Cat 5e.
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|-
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| Cat5e || 100 MHz || 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) || 100m || UTP || 8 ||
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|-
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| Cat6 || 250 MHz || 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) || 100m || UTP or STP || 8 ||
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|-
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| Cat6a || 500 MHz || 10 Gbps || 100m || UTP or STP || 8 ||
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|}
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Cat5e:
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Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters
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10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 45 meters
 +
 
 +
Cat6:
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Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters
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10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 55 meters
 +
 
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Cat6a:
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Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters
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10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Een CAT5e kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 1000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor Gigabit netwerken.
 +
De doorvoersnelheid is 100mhz.
 +
 
 +
Een CAT6 kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 1000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor Gigabit netwerken.
 +
De doorvoersnelheid is 250mhz. Hierdoor kan het meer data tegelijkertijd verwerken dan een Cat5e kabel.
  
 +
Een CAT6a kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 10.000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor 10-Gigabit netwerken.
 +
De doorvoersnelheid is 500mhz.
  
 +
Een CAT7 kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 10.000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor 10-Gigabit netwerken.
 +
De doorvoersnelheid is vanaf 600mhz.
  
 
=== Further Reading ===
 
=== Further Reading ===
  
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For UTP cabling
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For UTP cabling:
  
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https://www.utp-kabel.nl/blog/welke-kabel-moet-ik-kiezen.html
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* [https://www.utp-kabel.nl/blog/welke-kabel-moet-ik-kiezen.html Welke kabel moet ik kiezen?] by Daniel Spijker (Dutch)
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https://planetechusa.com/blog/ethernet-different-ethernet-categories-cat3-vs-cat5e-vs-cat6-vs-cat6a-vs-cat7-vs-cat8/
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* [https://planetechusa.com/blog/ethernet-different-ethernet-categories-cat3-vs-cat5e-vs-cat6-vs-cat6a-vs-cat7-vs-cat8/ Demystifying Ethernet Types— Difference between Cat5e, Cat 6, and Cat7] by Rita Mailheau
  
 
[[Category:Hardware]]
 
[[Category:Hardware]]
 
[[Category:Standards]]
 
[[Category:Standards]]

Revision as of 15:06, 13 November 2018

Cable Diameter Standards

Area (metric) Diameter American Wire Gauge Ampacity Typical Use
0.08 mm² 0.32 mm AWG28 0.8 A Wires inside a data cable
0.10 mm² 0.36 mm AWG27 1 A Thin hobby wire (home electronics for up to 30cm)
0.14 mm² 0.40 mm AWG26 1.3 A Cat5 UTP, Flexible hobby wire
0.25 mm² 0.50 mm AWG23 / AWG24 3 A Cat6 FTP, breadboard wires, Thicker hobby wire
0.50 mm² 0.80 mm AWG20 / AWG21 5 A Low voltage power cable (e.g. for phone or doorbell or powering electronics)
0.75 mm² 1.0 mm AWG18 / AWG19 10 A Power cable between outlet and device
1.5 mm² 1.3 mm AWG16 12 A Thin power wire in walls (black wire for switches)
2.5 mm² 1.6 mm AWG14 15 A Normal power wire in walls (power, zero and earth wire)
6.0 mm² 2.5 mm AWG10 30 A Thick wire in electric panel (groepenkast)

The metric area is the advertised area, equivalent of mm² copper. The actual diameter, when translated from AWG specification may differ.

The ampacity is the sustained current that can be transported through the wire without exceeding its temperature rating. In this case, the Ampacity at 60°C is given. For higher acceptable temperatures (75°C or 90°C), multiply by 1.5. Peak currents may be 10 times larger if they are short enough (< 10 seconds).

Note that the thickness of the cable is determined by the current (amperage), not by the voltage or power. So a lower-voltage installation requires thicker cables than a higher-voltage installation with the same power consumption. The current (in Ampere) can be calculated by dividing the Power (in Watts) by the Voltage of the appliance.

The thickness of the insulation depends on the voltage, and is not mentioned in this table.

Other considerations

Core
solid or flexible. A solid core is often used for fixed wiring, and for breadboard wires. Flexible wire contain multiple small strands and is used for flexible cables.
Material
copper of CCA (copper cladded aluminium). Copper is considered slightly better. CCA is cheaper and is consider good enough.

Network Cabling

Ethernet Category Max. Frequency Max. Transmission Speed Max. distance Cable type Number of wires Remark
Cat3 16 MHz 10 Mbps 100m UTP 2 Obsolete. Used for voice.
Cat5 100 MHz 100 Mbps 100m UTP 8 (4 used) Obsolete. Replaced by Cat 5e.
Cat5e 100 MHz 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) 100m UTP 8
Cat6 250 MHz 1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) 100m UTP or STP 8
Cat6a 500 MHz 10 Gbps 100m UTP or STP 8

Cat5e: Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters 10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 45 meters

Cat6: Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters 10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 55 meters

Cat6a: Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters 10 Gigabit Ethernet up to 100 meters



Een CAT5e kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 1000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor Gigabit netwerken. De doorvoersnelheid is 100mhz.

Een CAT6 kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 1000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor Gigabit netwerken. De doorvoersnelheid is 250mhz. Hierdoor kan het meer data tegelijkertijd verwerken dan een Cat5e kabel.

Een CAT6a kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 10.000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor 10-Gigabit netwerken. De doorvoersnelheid is 500mhz.

Een CAT7 kabel – Haalt snelheden tot 10.000 Mbit/s en is geschikt voor 10-Gigabit netwerken. De doorvoersnelheid is vanaf 600mhz.

Further Reading

For UTP cabling:

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