Line Endings
From Exterior Memory
Systems
The following line endings exist (according to section 5.8 of Unicode 5.0):
| Code point | Name |
| 10 (0x0A) | Line Feed (LF) |
| 11 (0x0B) | Line Tabulation (VT) |
| 12 (0x0C) | Form Feed (FF) |
| 13 (0x0D) | Carriage Return (CR), except when followed by LF |
| 133 (0x85) | Newline (NEL) |
| 8232 (U+2028) | Line seperator (like <br/> in HTML) |
| 8233 (U+2029) | Paragraph seperator (like <p> in HTML) |
The following file systems uses these line endings:
| Characters | Operating System |
| LF (0x0A) | Unix and Mac OS X |
| CR LF (0x0A 0x0D) | MS-DOS and Windows |
| CR (0x0D) | Mac OS (up to Mac OS 9) |
Tools
The most useful utilities are flip and textconv:
Convert line endings to line feed (UNIX):
flip -u *.txt or textconv -u *.txt
Flip can also display line endings:
flip -t *.txt
Other utilities include dos2unix, tofrodos, using tr, etc. But these require you to know in advance what the current line ending is.
